How to Descale a Coffee Machine (The Right Way)

If you’ve noticed your coffee tasting a little flat, your espresso shots pulling slower than usual, or your machine making odd noises, chances are it’s time for a descale. As a barista, I can’t stress enough how important this step is for both flavor and longevity. Descaling isn’t just about cleaning—it’s about keeping your machine performing at its best and making sure every cup tastes as good as it should.

In this guide, I’ll walk you through what descaling is, why it matters, how often you should do it, and exactly how to descale your coffee machine the right way.

What is Descaling?

Over time, minerals from your water—mainly calcium and magnesium—build up inside your coffee machine. This is called limescale. You can’t always see it, but trust me, it’s there. The harder your water (meaning the higher the mineral content), the faster this buildup happens.

Limescale narrows the water pathways, clogs valves, and makes your machine work harder than it should. It also messes with temperature consistency, which directly impacts the flavor of your coffee.

So when you descale, you’re essentially dissolving these mineral deposits with a descaling solution or household alternative (like vinegar or citric acid). Think of it as giving your machine a deep breath of fresh air.

Why Descaling Matters for Coffee Flavour

Here’s a barista secret: your machine is as important to flavor as your beans. You could buy the finest single-origin Arabica in the world, but if your water is struggling to flow evenly through a scaled-up machine, your coffee won’t shine.

• Temperature control: Scale prevents your machine from heating water properly. Too cool, and your coffee tastes sour; too hot, and it turns bitter.
• Pressure issues: Scale can block the water pump or group head, leading to uneven extraction. That means your espresso might taste watery or overly sharp.
• Clean taste: Scale can hold onto old water and residue, creating off-flavors in your brew.

Descaling isn’t glamorous, but it’s one of the most powerful ways to keep your coffee tasting café-quality at home.

How Often Should You Descale?

The short answer: it depends on your water and how often you brew.

• Soft water (low mineral content) → Every 3–6 months
• Hard water (high mineral content) → Every 1–2 months
• Daily espresso drinkers → Stick to the lower end of the range
• Occasional brewers → You can stretch it a little longer

Many modern coffee machines have descaling indicators or reminders, but even if yours doesn’t, it’s better to be proactive. If you start seeing slower water flow, weaker steam, or a “chalky” residue around your water tank, it’s time.

What You’ll Need

Before you begin, gather your supplies. You have two main options:

1. Commercial Descaling Solution
   • Designed specifically for coffee machines.
   • Effective and safe on internal components.
   • Brands like Urnex, De’Longhi, or Nespresso make reliable options.
2. Homemade Options (for budget-friendly descaling)
   • White vinegar: Cheap and accessible, but can leave odors if not rinsed thoroughly.
   • Citric acid: Gentler than vinegar, often recommended for espresso machines.

I personally prefer citric acid for espresso machines—it’s effective without leaving that vinegar smell.

Step-by-Step: How to Descale a Coffee Machine

Here’s the right way to do it, whether you’re using a drip machine, a pod system, or an espresso machine.

1. Read Your Manual

Different machines have different parts, so always double-check the manufacturer’s instructions. Some warranties even require specific descaling solutions.

2. Mix Your Solution

• If using a commercial product, follow the label.
• For vinegar: mix 1 part vinegar to 1 part water.
• For citric acid: dissolve 1 tablespoon per liter of warm water.

3. Empty Your Machine

• Remove any leftover coffee grounds, pods, or filters.
• Empty the drip tray and water reservoir.

4. Run a Descaling Cycle

• Fill the water tank with your solution.
• Start a brew cycle (without coffee).
• For espresso machines, run the solution through the group head and steam wand.
• Pause halfway through to let the solution sit for 15–20 minutes—this helps dissolve tougher deposits.

5. Rinse, Rinse, Rinse

• Empty the water tank and refill with fresh water.
• Run 2–3 full tanks of plain water through the machine.
• For pod or espresso machines, also purge the steam wand with fresh water.

6. Wipe and Reassemble

• Clean removable parts with warm, soapy water.
• Dry everything thoroughly before reattaching.

And that’s it—you’ve just given your machine a fresh start.

Extra Tips from a Barista

• Use filtered water if you can: It slows down limescale buildup and makes coffee taste better.
• Don’t skip the rinse cycles: Nothing ruins a cup faster than vinegar-flavoured espresso.
• Keep up with daily cleaning: Descaling is deep maintenance, but wiping your steam wand, emptying the drip tray, and flushing water daily keeps things smoother between descaling sessions.
• Listen to your machine: If your steam pressure feels weak or shots take too long, that’s your coffee machine telling you it’s clogged.

Common Mistakes to Avoid

Even seasoned coffee lovers sometimes slip up with descaling. Here are a few pitfalls to avoid:

• Using bleach or harsh chemicals → Never. These can damage your machine and leave dangerous residues.
• Forgetting the steam wand → Scale builds up here too, so always run solution and rinse water through it.
• Skipping maintenance until problems arise → Preventive descaling saves money on repairs and extends your machine’s life.

Final Thoughts: Descaling = Better Coffee

Think of descaling as an oil change for your coffee machine—it’s basic maintenance that makes everything run better. Clean water pathways mean proper temperature, consistent pressure, and, most importantly, coffee that tastes the way it should.

Whether you’re brewing espresso every morning or running a simple drip machine on weekends, learning how to descale properly is one of the most valuable habits you can build as a coffee lover. Your machine will thank you, your taste buds will thank you, and honestly—you’ll start looking forward to that first sip even more.

So next time you brew, ask yourself: when was the last time I descaled? If it’s been a while, grab that solution and give your machine the care it deserves.

Step-by-Step: How to Descale a Coffee Machine

1

Read Your Manual – Different machines require different methods. Always check your manufacturer’s instructions first.

2

Mix Your Solution – Use a commercial descaler or a homemade mix (vinegar + water or citric acid + water).

3

Empty Your Machine – Remove any leftover coffee grounds, pods, filters, and empty the drip tray.

4

Run a Descaling Cycle – Fill the tank with solution, start a brew cycle, and pause halfway to let it sit.

5

Rinse Thoroughly – Run 2–3 full tanks of fresh water through your machine to clear out residue.

6

Wipe & Reassemble – Clean removable parts, dry them, and put your machine back together.